Honesty Is The Best Policy

It is clear that the area of nanomedical applications and nanoparticulate pharmaceutical delivery advances will elaborate tremendously in the near future. Nanogel-drug formulations will be farther assessed in application to other drug consignment paths, such as oral, aerosolic or transdermal administration. A undertaking submission for nanogel-encapsulated NTP is aerosolic pulmonary drug consignment. In this mode of management, the fastest and most direct pharmaceutical delivery can be achieved, particularly for the treatment of lung cancerous disease and pulmonary diseases such as influenza, which are expanding worldwide.`Aerosolic drug-loaded nanogel particles can be easily administered deep into the lungs at first signals of infection. This timely remedy will save the airway epithelium from rapid degradation and development of critical secondary infections. Specific aimed at nanogels will be evolved as shortly as novel receptors and ligands are found out in the disease/virus-affec ted tissues and body parts. On the other hand, powerful metal-chelating properties of nanogels can provide added modalities in post-synthetic modifications of the carriers for diagnostic and therapeutic reason. Subsequent study will reveal the genuine potential of nanogels and nanogel formulations with nucleoside analogs in accomplishing more convoluted aims associated with methodical preclinical studies.Name of the Research Groups Contact Details Area of Research Dr Todd R. Hoare Associate Professor Department of Chemical Engineering McMaster UniversityDepartment of Chemical Engineering 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, CanadaOffice: JHE A409 email: [email  protected] Investigating nanogels which change their dimensions, their affinity with other chemicals in their environment, or their optical properties upon controlled changes to the gel environmentSiegwart Research group, The University of TexasGeneral Address 5323 Harry Hines Blvd. Dallas, TX 75390-8807 Office Pho ne: 214-645-6354 [email  protected] Siegwart LabPrepartion of cationic nanogel for nucleic acid delivery. The O’Hern Group,Yale School Of Engineering and Applied ScienceDepartment of Mechanical Engineering | Yale University | P. O. Box 208286 | New Haven, CT 06520-8286 Self-assembly of protein nanogels, and the structural and mechanical properties of cells and tissues.Name of the Research Groups Contact Details Area of Research Marina Resmini’s research group Queen Mary University Of London Queen Mary University Of London Mile End Road London E14NS TEL:+ 44(0) 2078825555 Polymeric Nanogels .New Junior Research GroupFreie UniversityFreie Università ¤t Berlin Kaiserswerther Str. 16-18 14195 Berlin Germany University Telephone Exchange: + 49 / 30 / 838-1Investigates Nanogels for Cancer TherapyGeorgia institute of technology group AtlantaGeorgia Institute of Technology North Ave. Atlanta, Georgia 30332Development of drug delivery vehicles for macromolecular therapeutics

Gulliver’s Travels

In order to fully understand Jonathan Swift's central message in Gulliver's Travels, one must examine in detail the book's introduction, and its conclusion. While the second and third books of the adventure are not unimportant, it is the first and final volumes which, when compared with one another, offer the clearest representation of Swift's thinking. The first book subtly reveals some the ideas which fuel the novel's satirical aspect while the same concepts are lucidly communicated to the reader with great poignancy in the fourth book. One of the novel's central themes is the methods man uses to resolve his disputes. The first component of this issue is an examination of how trivial some of man's quarrels are. During his voyage to Lilliput, Gulliver discovers that the Empires of Lilliputia and Blefuscu are embroiled in a major war simply because their ancestors could not agree on which end an egg should be broken: â€Å"It is computed that eleven thousand persons have at several times suffered death, rather than submit to break their eggs at the smaller end.† (36) Swift wants the reader to be shocked not only by the absurdity of the conflict, but by its scale as well. The idea that many wars are started for foolish reasons is humorously conveyed to the reader in book one. In book four, Swift takes another look at the same issue with much more serious intentions in mind. While describing the Yahoos (who represent humanity's basic instincts), the author points out that humans have a natural inclination toward violence. Though humans have the gift of reason just like the morally judicious Houyhnhnms, they always seem to be fighting each other as a method of resolving disputes. For example, when there is a more than sufficient amount of meat for a group of Yahoos, they will fight each other in hopes of acquiring the excess meat. The image of long haired barbarians, rolling around in the mud, wildly struggling for every last morsel of flesh is an evocative one. It stands in sharp contrast to the toy soldier-like humanoids of book one, who, clad in replete military uniform, are fighting each other like the pieces of a chess game. Swift now has us observing a much more visceral scene in which man's primal instincts are on display. Swift's aim of lightly satirizing humanity's tendency towards conflict in book one becomes a much more powerful and memorable message when it is taken to the extreme in book four. Another issue which Swift explores in Gulliver's Travels is the nature of woman. Although the author viciously attacks women in the second book, the first and fourth books also include criticism of what was thought to be the weaker gender during the seventeenth century. The writer's critical analysis of women begins in book one when the palace in Lilliput is on fire. Gulliver, seeing that the humongous palace is in danger of burning to the ground with members of the royal family still stuck inside, begins to urinate on the flaming structure. He successfully puts out the fire, rescuing all those inside. Though Gulliver saved the Empresses' life, she has held a grudge against the giant since he came to Lilliput and thus remains ungrateful. Even though her dignity was dealt a minor blow, it is short sighted of the Empress to be unable to look beyond that and show Gulliver the gratitude he deserves. This is the first example of a woman using Gulliver for her own purposes and not giving him anything in return. Once again, the same idea is carried into the fourth book, and taken to a greater extreme. In the eighth chapter, Gulliver is bathing. A female Yahoo is stricken with desire and leaps at him: â€Å"The nag was grazing at some distance, not suspecting any harm. She embraced me after a most fulsome manner. I roared as loud as I could, and the nag came galloping towards me, whereupon she quitted her grasp, with the utmost reluctancy, and leaped upon the opposite bank, where she stood gazing and howling all the time I was putting on my clothes.† (259) In the above event, a female acts on instinct and desire and does not think of the consequences of her actions. She does what she does solely for selfish reasons. Both the Empress and the Yahoo got something from Gulliver but give nothing back in return. Swift once again introduces the reader to an idea in the first book, and increases his argument's potency in the fourth book. In all four books of Gulliver's Travels, Swift makes a mockery of the politics of his day. The author satirizes not only the politicians who lived during his time, but their methods of achieving political power, and the governmental structure of the British monarchy. The first book is the most political in nature. At a memorable point during the first book, the Emperor of Lilliput is trying to find new officials to occupy government positions. Rather than placing the men whose political aptitude is high in government, the Emperor of Lilliput stages an elaborate festival in which games of dexterity and agility are played. Any sane monarch who has the best interests of his nation in mind would never choose his ministers in such a foolish manner. Here, Swift humorously depicts how administrative decisions are made at the highest level. In book four, the staid tone of Swift's message is far more poignant. In Yahoo society, each herd has a ruler. Every herd's ruler has his own henchman or favourite. He typically gives this position to a good friend of his, or someone who is very similar to himself. The emotional Yahoos become very jealous of the leader's second in command, and thus they take a great deal of pleasure in undermining him at every opportunity. Eventually, the favourite is discarded and replaced with someone else like him. This description of Yahoo politics serves to make a number of important points. Firstly, administrative political decisions are not typically based on candidates' merit; often irrelevant criteria are considered. Secondly, any political system which fails to take into account even the basic needs of its people and angers them to the point of continuous violence is a great failure in Swift's eyes. The fact that the Yahoos are constantly trying to undermine those who are in positions of power and who are supposed to represent them means that their political system is valueless. The author's description of what is done to those who have been removed from political office only serves to shock and disgust the reader to a greater extent: â€Å"He usually continues in office till a worse can be found; but the very moment he is discarded, his successor, at the head of all the YAHOOS in that district, young and old, male and female, come in a body, and discharge their excrements upon him from head to foot.† Not only does this quotation indicate the disgust Swift, and the Yahoos have with their respective political systems, but it once again makes the point that in many cases, humans hate each other and are thus prone to conflict or other methods of expressing that hatred. As a neo-classicist, one the most vital piece of information Swift hoped to convey to the readers of Gulliver's Travels is that human beings have a tendency to rely on their emotions rather than their reason when attempting to solve problems. Similarly, when humans do have the presence of mind to use their reason, they employ logic in order to accomplish immoral objectives. Illogical or immoral actions by human characters suggest this point in book one, and reinforce it in book four. After Gulliver captures the entire Blefuscian navy for Lilliput, he is met by an adoring populace in the Lilliputian capital. Even so, the Lilliputian high council decides that Gulliver should have massacred the entire helpless Blefuscian population and his failure to do so will result in his eyes being gouged out. The fact that he is their greatest weapon and has saved them from a likely defeat against their sworn enemies would suggest that torturing him is both illogical and immoral. This is yet another example of Swift using book one to insert humour into his novel while still conveying a serious message. In book four, the comedic element of tiny men believing they control a giant who could destroy them in one fell swoop is removed. All that remains is the harsh reality of Yahoo life. Instead of working together to improve their quality of life, the Yahoos use their ingenuity against each other, destroying each other's quality of life. The logical course of action, in order to solve a complex problem, is to use all your resources. In book one and book four, humanity narrow-mindedly chooses to ignore chances to solve their many difficulties. At first glance, books one and four of Gulliver's Travels exist simply to begin and conclude the book respectively. Following closer examination of both books, a parallel between them can be discovered: Swift subtly brings forth an idea or thought in the first book and disguises it with a layer of comedy. In the fourth and final book, Swift peels off the mask and the reader has the opportunity to view the idea in its entirety and is thus exposed to what is in Swift's view, the harsh reality of what the human race really is, or is capable of being. Gulliver’s Travels Gulliver's Travel is a fairytale inverted. The little beings are hurtful, the giants have more insight than man, the beasts rule, and humanity is shown, not as triumphant, but as degraded and enslaved. P. Colum Jonathan Swift Gulliver's Travels was written by Jonathan Swift. He was born in Dublin, Ireland on 30 November 1667. He graduated from Trinity College in 1686 and then left for England seeking a job. He was eventually the secretary to Sir William Temple. He thought that humans were disgusting and vile creatures and were a disgrace to life. He wanted to show how malicious, evil, and horrible these small beings in the world can really be. Sadly in 1745 Jonathan Swift died of paralysis, aphasia, and apathy. Fairytale Inverted Gulliver's travel is a fairytale inverted; it is not what you would expect to find in the norm. There is no happiness, love or succession. This is not the ordinary fairytale. In this book there is betrayal, imprisonment, deceit, and deaths. In normal fairytales e.g. Sleeping Beauty the victims always prevail and defeat the evils. In this case the princess didn't die but she fell asleep and she woke up because of a kiss from a prince, so the witch didn't get what she wanted and they lived happily ever after. Other good examples are Snow White And The 7 Dwarfs, Jack And The Beanstalk and 101 Dalmatians. The Little Beings Are Hurtful – Lilliput In Lilliput, there are creatures that are like humans, but they are just smaller in size. In this voyage to Lilliput, Gulliver is the giant who is very virtuous but he acquaints with evil little creatures. You would expect the Lilliputians to be kind and loving because of their size and Gulliver to be mean and aggressive, but being a change from the norm, the characteristics have been swapped. You would think that the Lilliputians are helpless and could never hurt someone by the quote,' I was in the utmost astonishment, and roared so loud, that they all ran back in a fright†¦' That quote shows that the Lilliputians are endearing little creatures and that they couldn't even hurt a fly but as the story progresses the little beings get more vicious and start wars because of silly reasons. Gulliver is found by two small Lilliputians. These small little men are voracious and ravenous for wealth as their plan was to make money off this extraordinary figure, but when the Majesty saw ev erything the two Lilliputians manipulated their plan so that it meant that they wanted to give it to the Majesty. The following quote,'†¦ some of them had the imprudence to shoot their arrows at me as I sate on the ground by the door of my house; whereof one very narrowly missed my left eye,' shows that the Lilliputians are short-tempered and are willing to do anything to get what they want and sometimes fight for no reason. In the following quote a war starts off due to a law which many resented, ‘Which two mighty powers have, as I was going to tell you, been engaged in a most obstinate war for six-and-thirty moons past. It began upon the following occasion. It is allowed on all hands, that the primitive way of breaking eggs, before we eat them, was upon the larger end; but his present majesty's grandfather, while he was a boy, going to eat an egg, and breaking it according to the ancient practice, happened to cut one of his fingers. Whereupon the emperor his father published an edict, commanding all his subjects, upon great penalties, to break the smaller end of their eggs. The people so highly resented this law, that our histories tell us, there have been six rebellions raised on that account; wherein one emperor lost his life, and another his crown.' In that quote what is said that six rebellions broke out because people had been told that the law had changed and they now had to crack their eggs in the smaller end. This silly law sparked off a war, which wasn't needed over such a petty argument. It shows how hungry for war Lilliputians are. Also Lilliput's way of choosing ministers or promoting them or demoting them is done by a strange method of which each participant must jump over or under or in any manner pass a rod as elegantly or dynamically possibly in which they are judged for their grace. The Majesty thought that it was best that Gulliver chose the punishment. This is the quote in which Gulliver decides upon on what to do with the ringleaders,'†¦ I took them all in my right hand, put five of them into my coat-pocket; and as to the sixth, I made a countenance as if I would eat him alive.' In that quote Gulliver didn't do anything to them he only faked the eating of the Lilliputian, Gulliver is a kind and caring man, although they were aggressive, it is not his nature to hurt people. Normally Gulliver would eat them or kill as he is a giant, but this being and inverted fairytale Gulliver is benevolent. Also Lilliput's way of choosing ministers or promoting them or demoting them is done by a strange method of which each participant must jump over or under or in any manner pass a rod as elegantly or as dynamically possible in which they are judged for their method. This way of choosing ministers to maintain a ‘parliament' was profound, as it needed no education for their job. This way was corrupt and anyone could have power and control and not just for good reasons as they can pervert their country as the wrong people could get the position. In the voyage to Lilliput, Swift was trying to emphasise on how humans are very much alike the Lilliputians. In that we fight for asinine reasons and that rationality cannot be used to solve problems. Instead humans must start war rather than have peace and help others in life instead of killing them. The Giants Have More Insight Than Man – Brobdingnag The second voyage for Gulliver was an encounter with the land of Brobdingnag. Brobdingnag in some sense was alike Lilliput but different in many others. The creatures in Brobdingnag were giant humans and Gulliver was about the size of a Lilliputian, so essentially the sizes of Gulliver have been swapped so he is in small in a big world, rather than big in a small world in Lilliput. When Gulliver reached Brobdingnag he noticed that large creatures surrounded him. Gulliver was frightened and intimidated by their size yet also interested. He was also aghast by the sight of the beings by Gulliver saying,' I was struck with the utmost fear and astonishment, and ran to hide myself in the corn, whence I saw him at the top of the stile looking back into the next field on the right hand, and heard him call in a voice many degrees louder than a speaking-trumpet: but the noise was so high in the air, that at first I certainly thought it was thunder.' The above quote shows how timorous Gulliver is. England. The Brobdingnagians have solutions to all of our problems that are present in Gulliver's England. The giants feel that money isn't needed and it will only cause greed and poverty if it was imperative it is shown by the quote,' I took a purse of gold out of my pocket, and humbly presented it to him. He received it on the palm of his hand, then applied it close to his eye to see what it was, and afterwards turned it several times with the point of a pin (which he took out of his sleeve,) but could make nothing of it. Whereupon I made a sign that he should place his hand on the ground. I then took the purse, and, opening it, poured all the gold into his palm. There were six Spanish pieces of four pistoles each, beside twenty or thirty smaller coins. I saw him wet the tip of his little finger upon his tongue, and take up one of my largest pieces, and then another; but he seemed to be wholly ignorant what they were.' In the following quote Gulliver describes the creatures,' Whereupon seven monsters, like himself, came towards him with reaping-hooks in their hands, each hook about the largeness of six scythe. In the above quote Gulliver is revolted by the not so well clad giants and says that the creatures are monsters, which shows that Gulliver isn't fond of the human body. The Brobdingnagians were easy-going and kind and their look didn't compare to their personality in any way. The Brobdingnagians didn't understand the need for enemies as they thought that having enemies would make life pointless. Many of the Brobdingnagians were disgusted when Gulliver talked about England and how the country was run. The following quote shows that England was not a very well run country and the ministers were corrupt and mischievous in their work,' The king was struck with horror at the description I had given him.' The people of Brobdingnag didn't understand the point of doing what people in England were undertaking. In Brobdingnag Swift tries to show through Gulliver how mean humans can be to one another and destroy each other. In Brobdingnag, Swift clearly criticises the ministers and leaders of the land. He uses Gulliver to portray some of the nature that takes place in England. The same point is being shown in Lilliput as well. Gulliver spurns on the way of the English Parliament run the country. He tries to uncover the scantiness of England through Gulliver and the Majesty of Brobdingnag showing how horrified she is by Gulliver's way of life in England. The Beasts Rule – Houyhnhnms The last voyage for Gulliver sees finds himself on a rather strange island where horses rule the yahoos (yahoos coming across as humans). His first sight of an inhabitant was of the Yahoo. He thought it was a monstrosity that a creature of that appearance could actually exist. That disgust is shown in the following quote,' I fell into a beaten road, where I saw many tracts of human feet, and some of cows, but most of horses. At last I beheld several animals in a field, and one or two of the same kind sitting in trees. Their shape was very singular and deformed, which a little discomposed me, so that I lay down behind a thicket to observe them better. Some of them coming forward near the place where I lay, gave me an opportunity of distinctly marking their form.' The Yahoos acts and appearances are portraying humans from Swift's view on them. On the contrary, when he sees the Houyhnhnms he is impressed and full of delight, this is shown in the following quote,' But looking on my left hand, I saw a horse walking softly in the field; which my persecutors having sooner discovered, was the cause of their flight. The horse started a little, when he came near me, but soon recovering himself, looked full in my face with manifest tokens of wonder; he viewed my hands and feet, walking round me several times. I would have pursued my journey, but he placed himself directly in the way, yet looking with a very mild aspect, never offering the least violence.' The Houyhnhnms are clever horses and are very knowledgeable. Swift shows this because he wants to prove that animals aren't just around to be eaten and to be ridden and then when useless to be killed and thrown away for dog meat. He tries to say that animals have feelings as well and they aren't just in the world to always follow rules by humans. They aren't just a horse and that is what one shouldn't be perceive them as, they are living and don't always want to be bossed around. The Houyhnhnms don't have emotions yet their way of life is much better as they also propose the same views of the common Brobdingnagian- they don't see the point in committing sins and starting wars and fights etc. The Houyhnhnms see the Yahoos as greedy, savage, and vile creatures, this being the criticism of a human and the disgust that Swift sees in humans. He uses a horse to show how shocking a human can actually be. The horses are near perfect as they don't even have a word for the term ‘lie' which shows just how honest their society is, and on the contrary how corrupt the English one is. Degraded And Enslaved – Humans Throughout Gulliver's Travels Jonathan Swift has been outlining and uncovering all of the flaws a human can have. He criticises human nature and how corrupt and dishonest it is compared to the Brobdingnag and Houyhnhnms society, which is near perfect in every way where poverty, hunger, and greed doesn't exist. He talks many aspects within society and criticising it to its deepest depth and proving how distasteful human nature can be. The last voyage is the one that really stirs Gulliver up which makes him sometimes wish he was a Houyhnhnm due to their perfect society. Gulliver's feelings for humans have drastically changed and he now sees them to be malicious, conniving, corrupt, disgusting humans can truly be at their potential. My View On P. Colum's Thoughts I completely agree with P. Colum's statement as the whole book is a fairytale inverted, this is shown by the small Lilliputians going to war, the giants are clever and more insight shown by their diminutive knowledge of war and their society having equals throughout and not having poverty or hunger within their society, and finally the Houyhnhnms ruling the Yahoos (who represent humans), yet the horses still treat the Yahoos adequately, when in England horses are just ridden until age as surpassed themselves and they are of no use. Also I also agree with Colum saying that humanity is degraded and enslaved because humans do take advantage of power and greed is something that triumphs over good will. Humans can't escape selfishness, corruption and malice for they have trapped themselves within these sins.

Gender Discrimination in the Workplace

Discrimination Against Women in the Workplace Unfair treatment of women has been prevalent throughout time. Although there have been many movements to attempt to terminate this tendency, it is still ubiquitous in today’s society. Sex discrimination in the workplace occurs when women are treated differently because of their gender. Many factors influence employers and coworkers to display prejudice against women. Gender bias in the workplace is an unfair practice that results in lower payment, disrespect, and an overall bad occupation experience for victims.Gender discrimination is not necessarily a new issue, but it remains to be a major struggle despite the attempts that have been made to stop it through legal manners. In a report by The Institute for Women’s Policy Research’s Ariane Hegewisch, Cynthia Deitch, and Evelyn Murphy, the results of these attempts are summarized on both simple and complex levels. â€Å"The 1964 Civil Rights Act prohibits employers fr om discriminating in their employment practices on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.Although Title VII banned employment discrimination, it did not require specific actions to achieve this objective. † Because the Act lacks such a critical detail, employers are able to avoid obeying it very easily. Laws besides the Civil Rights Act have been put into place in order to reduce unjust treatment in the workplace. For example, in 1963 the Equal Pay Act was passed. This act was supposed to end â€Å"the practice of paying men more than women when performing the same jobs and duties. Despite these protections, many women still feel gender biased discrimination is a problem† (Gluck).The effects of both the Equal Pay Act and the Civil Rights Act have obviously been minimal, seeing as women are still very much looked down upon in the workplace. One of the most direct effects of sex discrimination in the workplace is the stereotyping that occurs. The mas s overrepresentation of men in â€Å"senior management positions† is a sub-result of discrimination (â€Å"Sex Discrimination and Sexual Harassment†). The favoring of the selection of men over women for promotions has had a dramatic effect in the workplace over time. â€Å"Stereotypical views regarding gender can cause supervisors to engage in the llegal practice of passing a person over for promotion due to gender. Supervisors most often pass over women due to preconceived notions about their roles and abilities† (Gluck). Stereotypes about women come not only from their under representation in the workplace, but from preconceived notions about their family roles. Even If a woman is hired without being asked about her family responsibilities, once she takes the position, her boss can â€Å"view her employee file to see that she has young children† and then will be able to â€Å"give her less responsibility or assign menial tasks to her that do not fit he r job description.Although illegal, this practice still exists in offices today† (Gluck). Once again, employers ignore the laws put in place to stop discrimination because of stereotyping. The only way gender bias will disappear is if stereotypes disappear as well. One of the reasons sexual discrimination is so prevalent today is that sexual harassment has become so accepted in society and in places of employment. â€Å"Women have long been exposed to workplace harassment which involves conduct of a sexual nature or is premised on the sex of the victim† (McCann).Because of the wide range of behaviors that are considered sexual harassment, it is difficult to identify some action as harassment, which means rules against it are easy to ignore. Sexual harassment has terrible effects on the morale of victims. A loss of motivation â€Å"necessary to perform their jobs effectively† is one of the most notable results of bias (Gluck). â€Å"Offensive jokes of a suggestiv e or sexual nature and jokes implying that an employee’s work is sub-par due to her gender† are one of the major causes for the loss of motivation that victims experience.Sexual discrimination is obviously an extremely negative practice, but one of the most devastating effects of the prejudice is the payment gap between men and women. According to the Institute for Women’s Policy Research (IWPR), â€Å"in 2011, female full-time workers made only 77 cents for every dollar earned by men, a gender wage gap of 23 percent† (â€Å"Pay Equity & Discrimination†). IWPR predicts that â€Å"if change continues at the same slow pace as it has done for the past fifty years, it will take almost another fifty–or until 2056–for women to finally reach pay parity. Such inequality in payment is absurd, especially since â€Å"women compromise 47% of the total U. S. labor force† (â€Å"Women’s Bureau†). Throughout history, women have battled gender discrimination inside and outside of the office. The difference in payment of men and women is a significant problem that needs to be paid more attention to. Once stereotypes are dissolved, problems with gender bias will dissolve as well and the payment gap will become easier to close. Until then, the laws that have been imposed need to become enforced more strictly and individuals need to pay more attention to sexual harassment norms.Women deserve every right that men have and vice versa. Sexual discrimination affects all of society in some way or another, so it is important that society’s members work towards ending it. Works Cited Gluck, Samantha. â€Å"The Effects of Gender Discrimination in the Workplace. † Small Business. N. p. , n. d. Web. 11 Mar. 2013. Hegewisch, Ariane, Cynthia Deitch, and Evelyn Murphy. Ending Sex and Race Discrimination in the Workplace: Legal Interventions That Push the Envelope — IWPR. Rep. N. p. , 2008. Web. 24 Mar. 2013. McCann, Deirdre. Sexual Harassment at Work: National and International Responses, Conditions of Work and Employment Series No. 2. † Sexual Harassment at Work. N. p. , n. d. Web. 03 Mar. 2013. â€Å"Pay Equity & Discrimination. † — IWPR. N. p. , n. d. Web. 24 Mar. 2013. â€Å"Sex Discrimination and Sexual Harassment. † Knowledge Center | Catalyst. N. p. , 1 July 2012. Web. 11 Mar. 2013. â€Å"Women's Bureau (WB) – Quick Facts on Women in the Labor Force in 2010. † Women's Bureau (WB) – Quick Facts on Women in the Labor Force in 2010. N. p. , n. d. Web. 24 Mar. 2013.

Status of women defined in the Arab culture Assignment

Status of women defined in the Arab culture - Assignment Example Many aspects in the Arabian cultures and including religion evidently show that Arabian men and women do not share equal privileges and rights in society. Women in Arabian countries hold lower status than that of their male counterparts. Most Arabs in Arabic countries, and those found in different parts of the world are known to follow the Arabic principles and customs. Although Islam is dominant in Arabic states, some Arabs belong to the Christian faith, while others are Jews. However, these still adhere to some of the Islamic principles. Therefore, the religion of Islam plays the major role in determining the different ways through which Arab men and women interact, including their status in society. Since Islam is a religion that has been present for many years, it is considered part of the culture in Arab countries, and this highly influences different social and cultural aspects of Arabs. The mainstream, secular discourse believes that Islam is oppressive to women. This is reflected in various practices in the Arabian cultures, which require women to act differently from men, in a rather discriminatory manner. For instance, women’s dressing is highly restricted. In most conservative Arab countries, women can only dress in clothes covering their whole bodies, and even veils for the head and face, as some allow women to only show their eyes, and not any other part of their bodies. This is in addition to many other practices, including those involving property ownership, which undermine women in Arab countries (Desiree Web). The status of women in Arab countries is directly related to the religion of Islam. In past times, women in Arab countries were secluded, and were not given the opportunity to take part in the public life. Women were rather confined to their private lives only. After independence however, Islam countries such as Tunisia have considerably changed the status of their women

Intelligence Support to Operation Anaconda Research Paper

Intelligence Support to Operation Anaconda - Research Paper Example These were remnants of earlier offensives by the US about three months earlier who were seen gathering around this valley. The battle spanned the period between 2nd march to 17th March 2002 and it included the combined forces of the US military, Canadian forces, New Zealand, friendly Afghan soldiers, Danish, Germany, Norway, as well as the Australian military forces against the Taliban and the al-Qaeda forces. The US forces, under the command of General Franklin Hagenbeck, managed to get out of this battle as winners after managing to drive the enemy out of the valley with heavy death tolls to measure up their success. The win was however not a smooth sail as can be suggested from the fact that though the war was planned to end after three days, it took seven days to conquer the Taliban and al-Qaeda opposing forces. The US had to exercise heavy combat against their enemies to force them into admitting defeat- a development that was never expected. At the same time, the US suffered a total of 80 casualties where 8 died while the other 72 were wounded to differing degrees. The following essay will undertake to assess both the right and the improvement seeking steps that were taken by the intelligence supporting Operation Anaconda. The US forces did not have sufficient knowledge of neither the number of the opposing Taliban and al-Qaeda forces nor their weaponry. This meant that the US forces planning the assault failed to include the accurate information in their plan- a move that rendered their making wrong moves during the execution of the offensive. Most of the information that was relayed to the US forces was through overheard reconnaissance, human intelligence as well as communications captures that never offered the accurate information, resulting into misleading perceptions. The number of the opposing Taliban and al-Qaeda forces, for example, actually amounted to approximately between 700-1000 men. From the

Beyond Grief - The Story of Sadie Likens Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Beyond Grief - The Story of Sadie Likens - Essay Example Sadie also had a big heart for the veterans that were returning from military assignments in notably the Battle of Shiloh and the Civil War. As the Civil War raged outside America, Sadie once again recognized the agony of the military veterans and devoted herself towards caring for the wounded by becoming a nurse. Sadie also worked tirelessly during the Battle of Shiloh, and her efforts helped in the formation of the Farragut Relief Corps in 1881 (Kreck 1). The Farragut Relief Corps helped veterans that were struggling and aided them in establishing homes and doing general relief work. Many people had noticed Sadie’s selfless actions including the local authority in Colorado that gave her the position of Denver’s first police matron. Likens had, therefore, made a sign for women because the society felt that police work was a â€Å"man’s job† (Robert 1) Sadie’s new position as a jail matron within the police force entailed managing the new female pri sons and prisoners and ensuring that the state accords them the best care. Sadie stood for truth and justice even is such a move would cost her job. Sadie Likens got fired for refusing to vote for Governor Davis Waite due to the corruption and plunder in his regime (Rocky Mountain News). However, the residents of Denver were aware of her virtuous nature and rallied behind her through revolts until she got back her job. However, Sadie declined and resigned to take the position opting to move in a different direction and take up humanitarian work.

Congressional debates over budgets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Congressional debates over budgets - Essay Example Many Americans are beginning to get weary with the inability of Democratic and Republican parties to agree upon anything. It has gotten to a point where it is becoming astoundingly obvious that the two sides are determined to disagree with each other on purpose. This, of course, results in nothing getting done and little being accomplished. Unfortunately it can be rather difficult to really get a straight answer from political circles. The Republicans blame the Democrats who are intentionally â€Å"shooting down† their attempts at passing a budget. In fact, the Republican-Controlled House in 2011-2012 did submit a potential budget; however, because both houses must submit versions and the work to compromise to reach a final product. The Democratic-controlled Senate did not follow through with their part of the process, which meant another spring without a proper budget for the American government (Bremmer). There are many voices in Washington saying that a budget is not necessary, regardless of the fact that the Senate is legally obligated to produce one; however, failure to comply with that law, apparently, carries no legal consequences (Weiner 1). In the end, without a working budget the government keeps granting itself reprieves and extensions that do nothing to solve the problems in this country. It is treme ndously irresponsible and short-sighted to believe that the country can continue to spend when it sees fit when no budgeting has been put in place. It is a very bad idea and will no doubt continue to contribute to further problems in this country. Corker, Bob. "Bob Corker says Senate has not passed a budget in more than three years." PolitoFact. News Sentinel, 22 Dec 2012. Web. 23 Sep 2013. . Weiner , Rachel. "Why Senate Democrats haven’t passed a budge."

NUCOR Corporation Case Analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

NUCOR Corporation Analysis - Case Study Example Nucor’s mission to take care of their customer has been realized through quality products manufactured within the broader parameter of sustainable business practices. Hence, ethically considered decision making and promoting environment conservation at all levels of operations have been its hallmark that has helped it to meet the challenges of time. Analysis of Nucor’s business practice therefore would not only give insight into its success but also help identify factors and issues which would help it maintain the competitive advantage within the industry. Nucor’s business strategy for competitive advantage The major factors of current competitive advantage have been its ability to exploit its internal competencies like strong team work and innovative approach of managerial leadership towards production and research. There is strong trust and mutual respect between the management and workforce that is based on uniform code of benefits spread across the hierarchy of management and employees. The shared goals and collective decisions encourage empowered decisions resulting in optimal performance. The entrepreneurial leadership of its managers has significantly influenced its operational efficiency. Byrnes (2003) believes that product flow can increase earnings while raising customer service levels. Hence, Nucor’s use of mini steel factory is its key element of competitive advantage because it not only reduces pollution but also significantly cuts the operating costs by using scrap material, giving nearly 25% return on equity. It also uses considerably less energy than traditional steel factories. Its use of recycles goods has greatly contributed towards environment conservation and highlight is sustainable business practices that have enabled it to produce goods at competitive costs. Its acquisition of David J Joseph Co., a metal scrap supplier, has been a highly beneficial. It not only provides it with raw material but has also come w ith 2000+ railcars which can significantly boost its transportation logistics. This could facilitate competitive advantage in the recessive environment. Its ability to be innovative is another key element of its competitive advantage. The ongoing experiment of liquid steel could be a major breakthrough for the industry and could become its major strength in staying ahead of its global competitors Area of threats and weakness The major threat comes from the import of low cost steel from emerging economies like China where the lack of regulations help the indigenous firms to export steel at low cost to developed countries. The company has also not made any initiative to expand across the globe and this could adversely impact its business prospects, especially as the globalization and technology has made businesses more competitive. Nucor is quite rigid in its principles and does not give discounts to bulk buyers. This could threatened its market scope in the contemporary environment o f cut throat business Recommendations Many scholars have affirmed that major imperatives of the corporate world have fundamentally relied on improvement initiatives of business processes (Laraia et al., 1999). Thus, Nucor must make efforts to exploit the global financial downtrend and take advantage of weak

Unionizing Chinese Walmart Store Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Unionizing Chinese Walmart Store - Dissertation Example Wal-Mart has had a resistance of unions in most of the countries but has allowed the formation of unions in China. The largest retailer in the world, which employs close to 23,000 people in China, will allow the federation to form branches in all the outlets in China. The world retailer was under pressure from the other unions that claimed that the company contributed much to a violation of human rights job losses when it carries its operations in China. This was because the United States employees are not under unions. The unions also were formed to meet the demands of the Chinese government that allows unions to have a formal establishment. The formation, however, has not translated to any effective bargaining power of the employees, which was the main aim of forming the unions. The retailer claimed that instead of forming unions, it encouraged the employees to have a direct communication with the company in the issues of concern (Star, 2015). This would make the issues to be taken seriously and follow up with the right actions. Due to the global recession, the retailer agreed to form unions for workers in China so that they would be allowed to carry out their operation in the country where they have ambitious expansion plans. China is the country where the operations of the company lag behind in the global rivalry. In one of the claims that were presented in the courts, the retailer has been considered to engage in unfair labor practices under a different section of the labor code.

Atomic Energy Exercises Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Atomic Energy Exercises - Assignment Example An approximation of the distance of separation for curve 2 appears to be bigger than that of curve 1 thus accounting for the smaller energy than that of curve 1. The maximum amount of force that is needed to push the particles together is greater in curve 1 than in curve 2. This is because the vector force that pulls particles towards each other is inversely proportional to the square of the separation distance and directly proportional to the products of the two charges. Case 2 There is immense proton repulsion between the protons within the nucleus because of the Coulomb’s law electrostatic interactions. In this regard, the force that is exerted by the center protons towards the outer protons is inversely proportion to the proton’s square of the separation distance. The separation distance squared comes about because the force field of an isolated proton charge is uniform towards all directions and becomes diluted with the separation distance just like the area of the centered sphere of the point charge which increases as its radius increases. Case 3 For the incoming protons, their potential energy is smaller compared to when they reach the bottom pit in the center. From Coulomb’s law (f=kq1q2/r2), potential energy is the product of force and distance which is given by PE= kq1q2/r. This means that as the protons move from outside they are far apart from each other hence remarkably little potential energy. When protons are in the center, the particles are close to each other leading to a small separation distance thus a greater potential energy compared to that of incoming protons. Case 4 Binding energy is the mechanically required energy to disassemble an atom into nucleus and free electrons (Jones International University, 2011). Helium has a lower binding energy compared to beryllium and iron. This is because helium has an atomic mass of 2, beryllium has an atomic mass of 4, whereas iron has an atomic mass of 26. In this case, iron has the greatest binding energy because of its atomic mass that is larger than that of beryllium and helium. This is so because, from the periodic table (of elements), the elements with greater atomic mass have increasing binding energy than those with a small atomic mass up to elements that are heavier than xenon which do not obey this trend. This is due to the increasing nucleon force in the nucleus as an extra nucleon gets attracted to other nucleons making the nucleus to be tightly bound. On the other hand, the amount of energy needed to pull the nuclei together for a tight bound is less for in an iron atom than the beryllium and helium atom. This is due to the fact that iron atom has a larger atomic mass than the helium and beryllium atoms. The larger the atomic mass, the more the energy levels of an atom and the less the energy needed to push the nucleus together for a tight bound. Case 5 Uranium 238 has 92 protons and 146 neutrons. Its binding energy can be given by: a - b /A1/3 - cZ2/A4/3- d (N-Z) 2 /A2 Â ± e/A7/4. Where a = 14.0, b = 13.0, c = 0.585, d= 19.3, and e = 33. A is the number of nucleons, Z is the number of protons in the nucleus, and N is the number of neutrons in the nucleus. B.E/A = 14-13/238^1/3- 0.585x92^2/238^4/3 – 19.3 (146-92) ^2/238^2Â ± 33/238^7/4 = 0.1614-3.357-0.9936 Â ±0.002288 =-4.1892

Diversity Considerations Essay Example for Free

Diversity Considerations Essay Introduction This paper will analyze the influence of culture on attitudes, values, perception, human behavior, and interpersonal relations. The discriminatory factors that promote societal, political, socioeconomic, and spiritual oppression of culturally diverse populations will be described within this paper. Racial and cultural diversity within non-native English-speaking communities will be examined. Furthermore, this paper will also analyze how current research may positively impact the delivery of public safety and enhance the evaluation of information and resources. Lastly the chosen articles used for this paper will be evaluated on their reliability and credibility. Diversity Considerations The different cultures and lifestyles that surround us are the major factors that affect and influence behavior in all societies. Culture is the way we are brought up and the beliefs, values and attitudes that are instilled in us by our parents and or guardians. Society also instills culture in us and how we are educated and trained throughout life. We are trained in school and within our homes; we are taught different lifestyles through whom we interact with and the environment in which we grow up in and the conditions and situations we are used to. As a child one tends to follow the life he or she is familiar with. Children look up to their parents, teachers, or any influential person in their life to help shape their thoughts, values and beliefs. For example, if one grows up in a negative environment then that individual will more than likely adopt those types of influences throughout their life and will view life in a negative manner. Their thoughts and beliefs and relationships with others in life will be negative. The opposition would be someone brought up in a positive environment will more than likely view life in a positive manner. If one is brought up to respect others and to be courteous to others, he will more than likely continue these habits throughout life. However, if one is brought up to be prejudiced against those who differ or believe it is acceptable to lie or steal then he or she will probably live by these standards. There are many discriminatory factors which promote societal, socioeconomic, and spiritual oppression of culturally diverse populations. First understanding how discrimination is categorized is important. According to Ore, (2011) employing a systemic frame of analysis requires that we redefine the ways we categorize issues of discrimination. Ore (2011) defines prejudice as a negative attitude toward members of a group or social category and discrimination as the unequal treatment of people determined by their membership in a group. Resources such as money, property, medical care and education can be impacted by systems of oppression and privilege. Resources are not equal to all and many are limited. The distribution of resources to a particular member of society is based on his or her status. Ones social class is one of the most powerful predictors of health. The higher someone is on the socioeconomic ladder the lower their risk is for poor health (Ore, 2011). The identification of disasters as purely physical occurrences (typhoons, floods, earthquakes and initially also bombings and explosions) that affect people who have the misfortunate to be simply in the wrong place at the wrong time gave rise to a preoccupation with technological solutions for the protection of infrastructure and exposed populations ( Bankoff, 2004). Many times the outcome of a situation will be dependent on ones status within the community or membership in a group. Racial and cultural diversity within non-native English-speaking communities exist throughout the country. According to the U.S. Department of Education (2005), there are approximately 56 million students and 3.3 million teachers in our K-12 classrooms. Half the school aged population is expected to consist of students of color by the year 2020. It is estimated that more than 1 in 7 children aged 5 to 17 speak a language other than English at home. By 2026, the number of non-native English speaking students will reach 15 million (Carjuzza, 2005). Multiculturalism relates to communities containing multiple cultures. Multiculturalism exists throughout the nation, communities, schools, businesses and neighborhoods in which we live in. Multiculturalism refers to ideologies or policies that encourage diversity. It allows for one to express one’s own identity. The interaction and communication between different cultures provides opportunity for all. Interactions of cultures provide opportunities for the cultural differences and to create multiculturalism. America is the place where individuals of different ethnicities, cultures and races come to be treated fairly (equal opportunity). However language can be a major barrier and affects all races regardless of acceptance. Smaller communities seem to encompass stronger values beliefs and customs, therefore leaving no room for acceptance of others and languages. Putnam, (2007) states, â€Å"As we have more contact with people who are unlike us, we overcome our initial hesitation and ignorance and come to trust them more.† This could be possible and could be a way to integrate diversity and create multiculturalism. Regardless of race, culture, age, disabilities or the language in which we speak, we are all created equal. Those who migrate here to America and want shared citizenship and outreach towards other cultures and ethnicities is something that will take a long time to be accepted, for several reasons, language being one main reason. Individuals that do not speak English and move into communities where English is the dominant language, are not easily accepted into these communities. There are many ways to try and resolve differences in regards to diversity; however ignorance to one’s culture, ethnicity, beliefs etc. plays a major role in racial and cultural diversity throughout the country. Current research may positively impact the delivery of public safety and enhance the evaluation of information and resources if conducted in a positive and open manner. Research must be available and include all current socioeconomic groups. However research must be honest and reliable and available to those in need of it in order to assist with issues in the public safety sector. Research must also include the members of the affected communities in which the research or data was collected on. . Also, the sharing of the research is critical and should only be shared with those authorized. Policies for conducting and sharing the research must be developed and implemented in order to avoid the research and data being altered or shared with the wrong individuals. Accurate crime data serve important purposes. It is used by public agencies and officials in determining policies, budgets, legislation, funding priorities, and evaluation of existing programs. In conclusion, it is up to the adults in a child’s life to set a good example and instill good values in their children. Society in general has a responsibility to assist with poverty and crime within their communities whenever possible. As individuals we all act and behave in a manner at different times and places. One may not have the same behavior or personality at home as he/she would at work. Whether it is a child, teenager or adults we all have our own personality, values, beliefs and cultures, therefore social influences can alter and shape our actions, speech and who we are and how we are perceived within our communities and society in general. Attitude or a persons belief about a certain situation or perception can influence behaviors. Social influences can affect behavior by simply changing attitudes. This can be a positive change, such as opening a closed-minded individuals beliefs to include new beliefs and choices. On the contrary social influences on attitudes can be negative and include destructive or forcible perceptions leading to poor choices and or criminal behavior. References Bankoff, G. (2004). International journal of mass emergencies and disaster. Time is of the Essence:Disasters, Vulnerability and History. 22(3) 23-42 International Journal of Diversity in Organizations, Communities and Nations, 7(5) 153-160. Retrieved January 16, 2013 from http://www.ehow.com/info_8510709_social-influences- human-behavior Putnam, R. D., (2007). E Pluribus Unum: Diversity and community in the twenty-first century: The 2006 Johan Skytte prize lecture. Journal Compilation, Scandinavian Political Studies, 30(2) 137-174 Ore, T.E. (2011). The social construction of difference inequality: Race, class, gender, and sexuality, fifth edition, New York: McGraw-Hill. Cumbersome

Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle Essay Example for Free

Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle Essay Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, three men considered to be the quintessential basis of ancient Greek philosophy. Not only were they responsible for Greek enlightenment, but also foreshadowed the coming of Christ in there speculations. Plato, the protege of Socrates, became the first to document the philosophy of his teacher, which in turn is passed down to Aristotle. This process of mentoring aided ancient man in the intellectual evolution of politics and religion, known as the linear concept. Socrates, the Athenian native ex-hoplite and his successors more often than not focused on three main schools of thought, religion, politics, and the spiritual essence. Socrates was not a defender of the gods, and by no means an atheist, which he will later, in part, be put to death for. Through Socrates many years of philosophizing religion his most notable accomplishments were; mans existence on two planes and the immortal soul. He believed man existed on two planes, a physical plane, the human form in which people carry out their lives, and the spiritual form, the more concentrated immortal essence that is internal to all. Perhaps more significant is the spiritual form or soul, Socrates described as the seat of the mind and knowledge is closely related to it, and that only after death would the soul be released. Following the soul release, one could then have the opportunity to see truth more clearly then ever before. Socrates was the first to speculate in relation to the soul, and the first to deem it immortal exclusive of any ritual or practice. In terms of democracy Socrates faith slight, he had his doubts, primarily because he did not condone empowering the uneducated. He felt that some were not educated enough and were ignorant to political and social complexities, therefore should not have the equality of a greater mind in the matter. He was later tried and convicted for corrupting the youth and atheism, not before passed all his philosophy to his prized student Plato. Plato carried on Socrates unique approach to philosophy and extended it one step farther. He expanded largely on Socrates works on immortality of the soul, truth, the existence of man on two planes, and why, only after death, one could see truth more clearly in one of his most acclaimed works, the Doctrine of Pure Form and Ideas. The doctrine of pure form and ideas illustrated how man was deceived by his senses and that they masked the real truth. In fact, Plato argued that a man would see a horse for example, in a whole new light after death, because only then could he see the pure form after the mask of his mortal senses was lifted. Furthermore, he believed that a pure form, in other words an essence that can see all for its genuine truth created the world, which many consider the true beginning of monotheism. On the other end of the spectrum are his political contributions, whereby he took Socrates criticism of democracy to a new level. Plato considered democracy to be the worst form of government; moreover he thought people should be guided by a guardian class or group, much like the oligarchy of Sparta, which he idolized. In addition, Plato contemplated the removal of superior children from their specifically mated parents at birth, after which they would be raised by the state and all its citizens as children of the state as a whole. Lastly Plato was one of the first minds to encourage the integration of women in government, perhaps building the foundation for female suffrage. Lastly, Aristotle, a man of great virtue and notorious genius, the last piece of the ancient philosophy jigsaw puzzle, appends the studies of his ostentatious predecessors. Being the understudy of Plato, Aristotle found much ado in mans essence and politics. Aristotle took the thought of pure form and pure beings to its pinnacle by concluding that of all pure forms one is unquestionably the purest, and is therefore all good and is god. On the other hand, Aristotle did not always agree with Plato for example, Aristotle disputed Platos theory of human senses. He in turn felt strongly regarding the importance of the senses and argued they should not be denied; furthermore that change is not an illusion but rather an important phenomenon. Change, Aristotle felt, was the process all organisms experience toward a particular end, an end determined by the unmoved mover or the supreme cause of existence. Aristotle much like Plato also frowned upon democracy, suggesting it to be mob rule. However, he was no advocate of oligarchy or monarchy either; in fact he condemned Sparta for empowering women, and felt that government should be run by wealthy men who have been trained by philosophers. Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle are among the greatest philosophers of all time; their ideas have been passed through the ages and have been integrated within many modern day societies. As stated, the three men continually added toward the growth of religion, politics and the human soul in a process which is known ads the linear concept, constant changes and evolution toward the birth of many religions and political ideologies.

Impact of Poor Service Quality in Healthcare

Impact of Poor Service Quality in Healthcare Issue 1 The impact that poor service quality will have on Kindly Residential Care Rest Home as a geriatric service organisation and stakeholder in terms of Reputation Accountabilities in both the private and public sector Stakeholders Answer: Residential carerefers to continuing care agreed to adults or offspring who reside in a suburban setting to a certain extent than in their own home or family home. Voluntary caregivershome carehome-based careKindly Residential Rest Home offers several of services to the residents of the facility to have satisfactory services that will give the residents a meaningful life and quality care that they deserve. With poor services, there will be a reflect of feedbacks and may lead to poor reputation or may consider a facility with low standards. Accountabilities from public and private sectors will also take at risk for giving a facility with poor services offered on its residents that is not acceptable to the amount of payment the residents that they are paying to. It also a risk on its business with such a poor services being done. Because of unsatisfactory of its client, may lead to revolt and may file justifiable sanctions that restricts the funds of each services being offered to the residents, as first stated on what they have marketed. Organizations that hold fitness database or are part of network of health database have the task to guarantee the eminence and safety of health data. Such health database organizations can be created by business coalitions, built by entities supported with personal funds, mandate by state health legislation, or reputable by central accomplishment. Isolation and privacy are key fundamentals of ensure superiority in the health care system. To the extent that people worry about the confidentiality of the information that they present to physician and others, they force refuse to give in sequence, thus compromising the value of their own care, deterioration the quality of data used for other purposes, and causal to weakening in trust between patient and physician and between patient and health arrangement. If people fear that seeking particular kinds of medical services will make their health check times gone by accessible to employers, credit organizations, and others, they may even avoid on the lookout for needed health check care. In progress state protections often apply duty of discretion to the record keeper but these protections are no longer in upshot once the statistics have absent the record keeper’s been in command of. It is central to note that video-rental accounts, for example, have more centralized isolation fortification than health check records. Notwithstanding a large amount deliberate and debate, several important labours to secure national moment alone safeguard have not yet succeeded, even though current legislation may modify that. Both internal accountability and external accountability are important in ensuring the value of healthiness heed. InternalExternalThere are a range of residential care options accessible, depending on the requirements of the human being. Persons with disabilities, mental health problems, or scholarship difficulties are often cared for at home by paid or, such family and friends, with additional bear fromagencies. However, ifis not on hand or not fitting for the individual, residential care may be required. Reputation of a social entity is estimation about that article, uncharacteristically a result of common evaluation on a set of criterion. It is significant in trade, and many other fields. Reputation may be measured as a module of as distinct by others. Reputation is known to be and highly efficient in expected societies. It is a focus of learning in social, and technological. Its authority ranges from aggressive settings, like markets, to obliging ones, like firms, organisations, institution and communities. Furthermore, reputation acts on altered levels of society, character and supra-individual. At the supra-individual level, it concern groups, communities, collectives and nonfigurative social entity (such as firms, corporations, organizations, countries, cultures and even civilizations). It affects happening of like chalk and cheese scales, from on a daily basis life to associations between nations. Reputation is a primary gadget of, based upon disseminated, spur-of-the-moment social control. Quality-improvement and quality-management hard work to build up and propose care and to observe quality of care are indispensable. They engross health plans and fitness systems performing on their own scheme to measure and look up their routine and their patients outcome. Such efforts will also add force to the steps that physicians and other health care professionals can take now to improve the performance of narrow health care institutions and health plans. Monitoring of quality of care will also be needed to ensure the truthfulness of the quality-of-care in turn that plans report and to build assessments from a broader inhabitant’s outlook. It is vital that the impact of health-system changes on the quality of health care and the health standing of the entire people be track. Both public and private organizations are involved—often communally—in work to devise valid, unswerving, and realistic ways to measure and contrast the quality of care provided by health diplomacy, institutions, and clinicians. These dual accountabilities—internalexternal quality monitoring and improvements—are not well tacit by the health care community, policymakers, or regulars. They need to be persistently advanced and non-breakable. The wealth of public agencies at federal and state levels with oversight accountability and the range of private organization that endorse health care organizations and re-examine care, as well as internal quality-improvement efforts of health plans, would guide some to believe that declaration of quality is well in hand. Unfortunately, replication of endeavour and gap in dimension coexist. For example,methods for adjusting health-outcome and presentation method to reflect differences in the age, physical condition status, and other sort of health-plan members or other populations are recovering but are still derisory.Without correctly used to comparisons, we can get the wrong idea about how well strength campaign care for and serve their members. The difficulty of severity-adjusting outcome measures parallels the trouble of risk-adjusting government, employer, or other outgoings to health plans (in conduct that do not rely on folks who are ill to pay superior premium). Without properly adjusted expenses, we might make somebody pay plans that be a magnet for unhealthy and more-costly members (the plans that understanding difficult selection). Such fiscal incentives could challenge efforts to advance quality and hold health plans responsible for their behaviour. Thus, sound methods to alter payments to health strategy and comparisons of health plan presentation for differences in members characteristics are important. Stakeholders are all those people who have a wager (or share) in a meticulous issue or system. Stakeholders can be groups of people, organisations, institutions and sometimes even individuals. Other terms every so often used in a parallel way to stakeholders are â€Å"actors† and â€Å"interest groups†. The word â€Å"actors† stresses that stakeholders are vigorous and act together with each other. The use of the language â€Å"interest groups† indicate that individuals can be grouped according to a general interest. Stakeholders can be at any stage or location in society, from the worldwide to the public district, domestic or intra-household level. Stakeholders include all those who involve and are artificial by policies, decisions or actions within a meticulous system. The term stakeholder breakdown was first used in management science for identifying and address the interest of diverse stakeholders in business. Nowadays, stakeholder study is commonly used for: policy formulation, project formulation, implementation and evaluation For understanding and analysing complex situations in natural supply administration. Stakeholder analysis is a way of considerate a system from end to end its stakeholders. It looks at their concentration, objectives, supremacy and relationships. In considering stakeholders, it is sometimes helpful to believe their meaning and weight. Vital stakeholders are those whose desires are main to a project or study. High-ranking stakeholders are those who have the command to be in command of decisions in an movement or who can pressure others in the decision making procedure.

In Loveing Memory Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I've learned that the people you care about most in life are taken from you too soon. It certainly is the truth. We were the bagel shop groupies as you would call us. More personally his bagel shop groupies practically there every day. Sue, Paulina, Gentile, Jessica, Phil, Ryan, Steve, Kevin, Nick, Glen, Ruben, and myself. The list could go on for hours on end but I have neither the time nor the heart to go on.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So as I was saying we were there almost everyday, and at the start of each day he was there to make us laugh, to make us smile, and to even get us into some trouble if the day permitted. No matter how you look at it though he was the kind of man who could swallow you with the warmth of his heart. He could make even your worst dreams seem like they weren't so bad; he was always there. They called him the giant because of his size, but we called him the giant because of his heart.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alex was one of my closest friends. We went through a lot of things together. I couldn’t have imagined my life without him. None of us could have, but we soon found that we were going to have to do just that. I remember the day clear as crystal, although sometimes I wish the day had never come. I wish I could have taken that chance to tell him I loved him. I wish I could have said good-bye . I wish I could hear his voice just one last time. I wish that I could spend my life inside my junior year and never have to see the last day of school. For Alex would still be here alive and well for me to talk to and hug whenever I felt like it. If not for myself then for his family and loved ones so that their pain and suffering would end.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It had to have been around 6:00 in the morning, when I got there. I got there early because it was the last day of school. I didn’t want to miss a thing, but when I showed up no one was there and the store was closed. To me it seemed so strange and I thought to myself that something did not feel right. The bagel shop was never closed, it was like the post office or the mail rather, nor rain, nor sleet, nor snow   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  &... ...;  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hervias 4 will wake up and it will all be gone in an instant.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From this experience I have learned that you should always leave loved ones with loving words for it maybe the last time that you will see them. I’ve learned that it’s not what you have in your life but who you have in your life that counts. I’ve learned that you can keep going long after you can’t. I've learned that our background and circumstances may have influenced who we are, but we are responsible for who we become. I’ve learned that maturity has more to do with the types of experiences you’ve had and less to do with how many birthdays you‘ve celebrated . I’ve learned that no matter how bad your heart is broken the world does not stop for your grief. I’ve learned that even when you think you have nothing left to give, a friend cries out and you will find the strength to help. Worst of all I’ve learned that the people you love most in life are taken from you too soon.

Clinical Genetic Disorder: Beta Thalassemia Essay -- Genetic Blood Dis

John and his wife Mary decided that after 3 years of marriage it was time for them to bring a child into their life. John and Mary lived on the coast of Italy, where the weather was always sunny and warm and the water not but a stone toss away. John and Mary decided that it was the right time, then, 9 months later they conceived a son, they named him Henry. During the first two years of Henry’s life John and Mary noticed abnormalities in Henry’s development. Henry did not gain weight or grow as he was expected to. He also exhibited signs of weakness and fatigue. Henry had always been pale, and this alone was never enough to alarm suspicion; but Henry’s paleness started to shift to a more yellowish tint, and along with these other signs raised enough suspicion to take Henry to the hospital. The doctor took blood from Henry to be tested. After the test result came back the doctor concluded that Henry had an enlarged spleen and liver. He was suffering from a heredit ary disease called beta-thalassemia. John and Mary in complete dismay questioned the doctor as to how their son suffered from a hereditary disease that neither of them suffered from. The doctor informed the grieving parents that both of them must be carriers of the mutated HBB gene. During the conception of Henry, John and Mary must have passed on the mutated recessive gene on: thus with the presence of two mutated recessive HBB genes caused Henry to develop Beta-thalassemia. The doctor continued to explain that the beta-thalassemia causes the beta-globin, a subunit of hemoglobin, to not be produced creating non-functional hemoglobin. Without sufficient hemoglobin, red blood cells do not develop properly, causing a shortage of mature red blood cells. This lack of red bl... .... MedicineNet, "Beta Thalassemia (A Genetic Blood Disorder)." Accessed January 27, 2014.http://www.virtualmedicalcentre.com/diseases/thalassaemia-mediterranean-a nemia-cooley. Palit, Sarmi, Robiul Bhuiyan, Aklima Jannatul, Raju Dash, and Talha Emran. Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy, "A study of the prevalence of thalassemia and its correlation with liver function test in different age and sex group in the Chittagong district of Bangladesh ." Last modified December 31, 2012. Accessed January 30, 2014. http://www.jbclinpharm.org/article.asp?issn=0976-0105;year=2012;volume=3;issue=4;spage=352;epage=357;aulast=Palit. Virtual Medical Centre, "Thalassaemia (Mediterranean anemia; Cooley’s anemia)." Last modified 11 2, 2008. Accessed January 27, 2014. http://www.virtualmedicalcentre.com/diseases/thalassaemia-mediterranean-anemia-coole'ys-anemia/130

Juan Rulfos Pedro Paramo and Religion :: Juan Rulfo Pedro Paramo Essays

Juan Rulfo's Pedro Paramo and Religion    In the novel Pedro Paramo, Juan Rulfo uses religiousness as a characteristic that contrasts with the characters lack of moral codes and lack of faith normally attributed to religion. The people in the town of Comala are obsessed with the afterlife and prayer, and they even attend church regularly, but these are just habits that have lost their original meaning. Rulfo uses these symbolic activities to make the charactersÕ dichotomous nature more apparent. Father Renter'aÕs occupation, the town priest, demands integrity, purity, and the power to believe his own teachings. Father Renter'a might, at one time, have had those attributes but something changed him. The realization and consequences of his own conflictive nature haunt Renter'a, and the town subconsciously senses his anguish, thus shedding light on ComalaÕs religious and psychological condition. A question arises about Renter'aÕs disillusionment with religion: Did the townspeople make Renter'a cynical or did his doubts lead them astray? I think it was more of the former, and the catalyst in Renter'aÕs religious failing was just one man: Miguel Paramo. Miguel Paramo killed Father Renter'aÕs brother and raped Renter'aÕs niece Ana. These events were merely taken in stride with Renter'aÕs philosophy of Ã’never hate anyoneÓ but it was the death of Miguel that dashed Renter'aÕs religious beliefs. Father Renter'a performed the funeral ceremony and did not offer a final benediction partly for selfish reasons of revenge, using his pastoral robe as a barrier. Disregarding Renter'aÕs condescending remarks of Miguel, Pedro Paramo offered gold to the priest as restitution, or a bribe, and said, Ã’Weigh him and forgive him, as perhaps God has forgiven him.Ó At ParamoÕs defiance, Renter'a realized that his religious power was no longer effective or revered in Comala, because ParamoÕs gold was now the controlling force in the land. Crushed and depressed, Renter'a no longer felt worthy of his office; Ã’What has their faith won them? Heaven? Or the purification of their souls? And why purify their souls anyway, at the last momentÉÓ Renter'a had lost all faith in his religion and himself. As if he had failed a test, he says, Ã’Alright Lord, you win.Ó Father Renter'a represents the constant struggle a person has to maintain personal integrity against outside corruption and personal vices.

Psychosocial Orientation to Sexuality Essay

Environment has always been one of the major factors affecting our decisions and personality. Psychologists say its either â€Å"nurture† or â€Å"nature† which determines our personalities as we grow up. Nevertheless, our sexuality is also part of who we are. How we act or think in regard to sexual issues is also developed as we mature into adolescents. Various social factors affect a person’s sexuality. Primarily, it is the parents’ responsibility to make sure that their children are properly educated about sex. As a kid, I was oriented by my parents and older relatives that sex is a process designed by the heavens to unite married couples so they can procreate. As a young Christian, I have this notion that I was conceived by this process and only couples who were united by marriage have the permission from God to perform them. Talking about sex at home was actually limited if not restricted. There was a certain uneasiness enveloping the ones belonging in a conversation where a I would suddenly bring it up. It was awkward in a way that my parents believed I was not ready yet to comprehend the real nature of sex. However, I guess sexuality is an inescapable issue amongst children who are beginning to notice changes and differences between their private parts and their playmates’. A friend of the opposite sex definitely has dissimilar body parts than me. It has always been fun to explore and observe friends’ parts especially when it is in a group. Of course, not until we reached the 11th year of our age. Suddenly, things were getting too awkward for us. My playmates were starting to get aloof. Others have stopped invitations to look and some just plainly said, â€Å"My mom said they’re private. † How the privacy of such thing has never occurred to me until I was able to see certain pars of my body grow. Most of my physical parts were getting weirder each day and they did not feel comfortable at all. One of the huge factors which influence my sexuality is the depiction of sex in the television. Media have absolutely bombarded me with concepts that are in direct contrast to my early education of sex. Television series, movies, reality shows, magazines and even anime shows are transparent in portraying sexual activities as normal between two people in a relationship. Sometimes even same-sex relationships. Pornography is also widespread in our society today which I believe has a great impact on the fact that teenagers today in America are sexually active. In my case, it is reasonable to admit that I have my shares of hidden fantasies and desires but one good thing that I am proud of is that I am able to control them in a decent way. Religion also plays a major part in expressing one’s sexuality. It is widely know that Christianity does not allow couples outside marriage to have sexual intercourse. Pre-marital sex is a sin and is not tolerated by the Church. Contraceptives are also not encouraged therefore, if I were to ask how I think religion has affected my sexuality; I would claim that it did not lessen or eliminate my sexual desires rather it remained as a mere reason to control it and repress it. The topic of sexuality is widespread among religious, social and political debates. It comprises of a general idea which is too sensitive to be disregarded easily. However, I believe that one has his/her own rights towards his/her sexuality but are limited to what the law constitutes. A person can be gay, lesbian or bisexual but the mere idea that a person’s sexuality is being developed and identified with different names shows that it is a psychological issue that needs to be studied more thoroughly. It is a subject too complex that must also be given enough education and protection from families and authorities.

Australian Export Opportunities to South Korea

Australian Export Opportunities to South Korea Hasting Helical Francesca Carolina Moorage Ash Jane Decorum Cindy Guan Sophia Alai Introduction Where once, the South Korean society solely relied on the produce of their country as a source of goods, they are slowly turning towards imports from other nations, such as Australia for their goods and services. Australia is renowned for their agricultural excellence, and hence has become a major exporter of foods to South Korea. In this essay, discussions about how South Korean culture may influence the nature and the sessions made in regards to food consumption.Additionally, the theories of family and social influence of Australia and South Korea will be applied, with an aim to reveal possible opportunities for the South Korean food industry to further improve its standings in South Korea. Family Family is one of the most important aspects in life for South Koreans. The Korean community is well-known for their large and tight knit families, with an average of 2. 97 persons per household, in comparison to an Organization for Economic Co- operation and Development (COED) average of 2. 63 in 2009 (COED, 2010). This is nearly due to the high level of multinationals families in Korea.Many Koreans regard the well-being of the family, as a whole, more important than that of individual members (ANTA, 2013). Food is also a predominant feature in the Korean culture; they often gather around for extravagant feasts with family and friends, especially on occasions such as New Years and Christmas. Therefore providing food to the family of the best quality is a high priority need. Traditionally, men of the South Korean society are the breadwinners of the family, while women tend to stay at home and take care of family matters. The female employment rate in Korea, at 52. %, in 2009 was below the COED average of 59. 6% (COED, 2010), therefore reflecting the homemaker role that women play in the family. In the eyes of the developed cou ntries club (COED), South Korea is considered a arbitration, and despite the public policies that still uphold the patriarchal family system, the sex ratio (number of boys per 100 girls) has been remarkably decreasing in the last two decades. It seems that the drop in son preference was triggered by normative changes in the society, in comparison to individuals whose socioeconomic resistances had changed (Chunk & Guppy, 2007).Therefore, a potential target market for women arises. At this rate, there is a strong possibility that more women in the South Korean society. Gender takes the centre stage of numerous brand narratives. Researchers conducted in Australia and New Zealand show that the female partner/wife is generally involved in the decision making process (Coffman et al, 2010). Keeping young singles/ married couples in perspective, marketers who used to target men are now targeting women through meaner of educating them about the importance of eating healthy, ND family well-be ing.For example, introduction of diet Pepsi or diet coke, was made to attract men towards diet soda, so that they could monitor their calorie intake. But this claimed to be unsuccessful. To the contrary, when women were targeted towards consuming lower calorie drinks like Dry. Pepper Ten, Pepsi Max, Coke Zero, etc. , it was observed that women were the major consumers, and they religiously rejected the notion that â€Å"diet cola [was] for men† and that â€Å"it's not for women. (Avery, 2012) Social Influence Social influence marketing is composed of a combination of the use of social media ND the day-to-day interactions consumers go through which may impact purchase decisions made by buyers (Murray, 1991). Social media plays a large role in influencing consumers, as content created by everyday people is readily available online through blobs, forums, websites, social networks and flogs. Egg Product reviews on Youth. Consumers can also be influenced by their everyday experie nces and interactions with different people through word-of-mouth communication, viral marketing and buzz agents.Word-of-mouth communication is the result of consumers sharing information and personal experiences of products purchased tit friends, family, colleagues etc. This is one of the more effective ways of marketing as potential buyers are more likely to trust a close acquaintance over an advertisement (Longer, Henning ; Weidman, 2013). Word-of-mouth communication has dramatically increased over time in Australia with the use of social networking sites such as Faceable and Twitter.However, Faceable is not the social media site that is most popular among South Koreans as it has only 3. 6 million users. The most popular social networking site in South Korea is Keyword, which has 19 million unique visitors every month and generates 1. Billion views. Viral marketing is a combination of word-of-mouth communication and social media. This form of marketing is referred to as Moralâ₠¬  because once released, the information spreads like a virus to a large audience in a relatively small time frame.It provides an advantage for mass communication through social networks. As homogeneity is the main focus in South Korean culture this would largely affect the social influence on consumers and potential buyers, as the need for homogeneity would encourage and friends. The general population's need for homogeneity paired with the powerful LOL of social networking will therefore result in viral marketing being a very effective meaner of socially influencing consumers in South Korea (Lee & Trim, 2008).However this method would probably not be as successful in Australia due to the general culture being one that favors individualism and uniqueness as opposed to the idea of homogeneity, which is more widely accepted in South Korea. Buzz agents are consumers recruited by companies to aid in promoting their products. These agents endorse various products by encouraging other consumers to purchase certain products while out on shopping trips, by suggesting which products shop winner should carry that they do not already stock, and by taking certain products to large gatherings in order to promote them to a large audience (Coffman et al, 2010).This would be more effective in South Korea than Australia as the Korean culture embraces family and attachment, and South Koreans often host large gatherings for family and friends which can act as a platform for word-of-mouth communication as well as marketing via buzz agents. Export Opportunities Up to 70% of South Koreans food requirement relies purely on imported goods (Food Business, 2011). Due to a large focus on the wellbeing of Korean consumers, the organic food industry has seen a huge growth in South Korea (Mackinac, 2006).Consumers are interested in purchasing organic Australian products as they are perceived to be of high quality and safe for consumption, however should be reasonably priced in order to keep interest in Korean consumers. Haiku Australia successfully landed their biggest export deals to date for Australian-made organic retail goods to Korea, exporting a three hundred thousand dollar shipment of organic Someone noodles (Free, 2009).Recent changes in the food sector has seen a rise in the mount of consumer groups who take into consideration the image and quality of organic food when they are purchasing or planning meals (Food Business, 2011). The gradual development of the Bilateral Free Trade Agreement alongside a large and yet growing demand for organic products is seeing that Australia has more opportunities to export food to the South Korean region, where government regulations are great barriers for Australian exporters (Mackinac, 2006).Produced from high-quality wheat, Haiku Noodles Australia is an extremely successful exporter of noodles. Currently, they export a great amount of their goods o Korea with a statement from Sarah Woodward stating that the organizat ion ‘received accolades for securing Australia's largest export order for organic retail products (organic Someone noodles) to Korea' (Wallboard 2009: 24).Success came upon the company as they assured their Korean consumers that their noodles were produced Without the use of chemical pesticides, herbicides or insecticides, food additives or genetically modified ingredients, creating a perception in the consumer's mind of clean and safe food (Holstein 2012). Companies seeking the food industry in South Korea have great opportunities stressed, especially when taking a close look as dietary demands (Archives of Surgery: 2004).This trend has seen opportunity arise in meat, dairy and processed product food sectors (Holstein 2012). Additionally, as South Korea has such a low self- sufficiency rate in regards to food production, of only 26%, it is fair to assume that a country with such self-sufficiency rates rely on other countries with a high self- sufficiency rate to supply to pro vide products for their country (Holstein 2012). Although are attractive opportunities that are in this market, there are also barriers hat make it challenging to penetrate the market in South Korea.Such barriers include strict regulation that South Korea has concerning organic certification (Mackinac 2006), although this is seeking to be maintained with the Gaillardia Government's efforts of negotiation with an aim to equalize the prospect of Australian companies exporting to Korea in order to be at the same standard and reputation as its greatest competitors, the United State and Europe by developing the Korea- Australia Free Trade Agreement in 2011 (Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade 2011).Networks with Korea will consequently be developed, maintained and threatened (201 1), including the reanalysis of correct regulations concerning export tariffs (ITS Global et al. 2008) South Korean life revolves mainly around family, being an important aspect of one's life. It is a cultur al aspect of a Korean family to have the father to be perceived as the breadwinner for the family. It is essential that Australian companies wishing to export deliver products that are not only of high quality, but satisfy the family as a whole rather than Just the individual consumer.Marketers also need to keep in mind the collectivist culture of South Korean families and consider it as a social unit. (Choc amp; Yon, 2001). A company can create the perception off family meal' whilst looking at marketing strategies and campaigns. Social influence plays a significant role on the purchase decision made by consumers. In order for an Australian company to apply this theory into their exporting endeavourers could apply in their marketing technique by changing the image of their product.As the perception of organic food changes and becomes more desirable, people tend to agree with the opinions and desire of people around them. Creating a likeable brand allows for consumers loyal to your b rand influence potential consumers around them. Conclusion Being a collectivist and family-oriented society, there is huge potential in the South Korean food industry for Australian exporters. South Koreans are increasingly becoming aware of the benefits of healthy eating, and providing that to their families and friends.

Barriers to Effective Communication Essay

Effective communication is a major element to success in any relationship, business, or organization. Communication barriers attempt to impede, and in some instances stop, the successful completion of the communication process. Law Enforcement agencies are susceptible to the consequences of ineffective communication and should work toward reducing and eliminating barriers blocking the flow of communication. Organizational flaws in the entangled hodgepodge of agencies within the American criminal justice system cause various communication barriers resulting in confusion and inefficiencies throughout the system. Law enforcement agencies began sharing more information after the attacks on 9/11 but barriers still exist. Understanding the communication process and using active listening skills is vital to overcoming barriers to effective communication. Process of Communication Wallace and Roberson (2009) define communication as, â€Å"a process involving several steps, among two or more persons, for the primary purpose of exchanging information† (p. 15). The communication process is dependent on the sender’s ability to create an understandable message for the recipient and the recipient’s ability to interpret the message. The process begins by transmitting an idea into a message made of carefully chosen symbols understandable to the receiver (Wallace & Roberson, 2009). To ensure success of the communication process, the sender should consider the recipient’s point of view while forming the message and selecting the means of transmission. The message can take the form of writing, speaking, or movement (Wallace & Roberson, 2009). Receipt of the message is very important or the process of communication stops. Sending the message using the appropriate medium continues the communication process to the next step. Understanding the idea of the message requires interpretation by the recipient. The receiver interprets the message and provides feedback to the sender. Feedback indicates receipt of the message and whether the message was understood or requires more information. Formal and Informal Channels of Communication Information flows up and down through the police organizations according to the chain of command. The formal channels of communication within police organizations require strict adherence to order, written memorandums, and directives (Wallace & Roberson, 2009). The Momentum that information flows within the formal channels is slow creating a delay in sharing new information throughout the organization. Slow transmission reduces organizational efficiency, wastes valuable time, resources, and puts the reputation of the police agency at risk. Formal channels are restrictive and at times seem unnecessary but police agencies do receive benefits using the formal channels. Through formal channels, all officers receive the same directions in an understandable message that reduces confusion among officers and creates documentation for later reference (Wallace & Roberson, 2009). Informal channels of communication exist in all law enforcement agencies and are used to pass information outside the formal channels of communication. Informal channels of communication give officers a break from the rigid protocol of formal channels. Opportunities for personal discussions that build camaraderie naturally improve morale and work performance. Police agencies know the benefits of informal channels of communication. When the right balance of formal and informal communications is achieved, the agency becomes a united police force. Overcoming Barriers to Effective Communication  The barriers that influence effective communication within the criminal justice system are emotional barriers, physical barriers, semantic barriers, and ineffective listening (Wallace & Roberson, 2009). The sender and receiver both can contribute emotional barriers reducing effective communication by allowing beliefs, attitudes, perceptions, and life experiences to enter the process. Criminal justice professionals can overcome emotional barriers by using peer support systems within the police department or support from outside sources (Wallace & Roberson, 2009). Physical barriers are obstructions that interfere with movement of a message and are the hardest to overcome. The weather, distance, and failures in technology are a few examples of physical barriers a police officer may encounter (Wallace & Roberson, 2009). Some barriers are out of the officer’s control and cannot be overcome quickly such as an ice storm that becomes a physical barrier when power and telephone lines go down ending communication. Semantic barriers consist of language differences and ambiguous word meanings and prevent a clear exchange of ideas resulting in failed communication. Hiring a diverse group of officers can reduce language barriers and choosing words carefully with the receiver in mind can help ease semantic barriers. Ineffective listening is another barrier present in the criminal justice system and occurs from disinterest, speaker bias, emotions, distractions, and words that invoke emotion (Wallace & Roberson, 2009). Every officer needs active listening skills. An officer using active listening skills can diffuse dangerous situations when armed with a clear understanding of the circumstances. Active listening is different from hearing. Hearing is an automatic response to sound and listening is an act. While using active listening skills the officer is processing what the speaker is saying with interest, free of speaker bias, and emotions, before giving a response (Wallace & Roberson, 2009). Improving and eliminating barriers to effective communication is achieved through education and self-improvement courses offered as part of a criminal justice professional’s continuing education. Communication Failure 9/11  The repercussions of failed communication can be seen in the attacks of 9/11. Many factors contributed to known terrorists entering the United States undetected and successfully killing Americans. Ineffective communication resulting in communication failure is one variable that allowed the United States to be attacked by terrorist from another country. The structure of American law enforcement agencies is conducive to linkage blindness. Grant and Terry (2008) define linkage blindness as, â€Å"the inability to analyze and link critical information across or within agencies† (p. ). Communication failed because Federal law enforcement agencies did not share terrorist information with state and local law enforcement agencies. Competition and territorial greed between agencies contributed to the loss of communication within the law enforcement community (Grant & Terry, 2008). Best (2007) stated, â€Å"Almost all assessments of the attacks of September 11, 2001 have concluded U. S. Intelligence and law enforcement agencies had failed to share information that might have provided advance warning of the plot† (Summary, para. 1). Congress eventually acknowledged communication barriers exist within the system of law enforcement agencies and enacted legislation and regulation to facilitate the sharing of information. Conclusion Most communication barriers can be overcome by using common sense and active listening devoid of emotion and bias. Police agencies and individual criminal justice professionals are responsible for learning and using active listening skills. Understanding the communication process reveals strategies to overcoming barriers that block the flow of information. Formal and informal channels of communication can drive the movement of messages forward or stop movement completely. When terrorists attacked the United States September 11, 2001 Congress enacted legislation and regulations to tear down the communication barriers that existed between law enforcement agencies. Communication barriers will always exist within the structure of American law enforcement agencies but efforts will continue to eliminate barriers within reach and reduce those harder to reach.